Healthy Cell Phone Essay

Teenagers and The Over Use of Cell Phones The use of cell phones should be banned for teenagers. Similar to the legal age of purchasing alcohol and tobacco, the same law should be enforced when it comes to the use of cell phones among teenagers. Although the thought of this may sound insane to most adolescence, it maybe the solution to limiting and promoting healthy cell phone use amongst todays youth. The following solution would also be in their best interest without them even realizing it. The over use of cell phones by teenagers will have a negative effect on their academic, social, and mental development. Teenagers who use their cellphones very often will have their academic progress negatively affected due to being distracted. It is not a rare occurrence for teenagers to have their phones with them while they are in class, but that is mainly because many of them do not realize the impact it is having on their grades. Researchers, Christian M. End, Shaye Worthman, Mary Bridget Matthews, and Katharina Wetterau at Xavier University did a study about the impact of cell phone rings on academic performance. After completing the study they said, â€Å"Findings indicated that cell phone rings during a video presentation impaired academic performance. Specifically, participants in the ringing condition performed worse on disrupted test items and were less likely to have recorded pertinent test information† (End, Worthman, Matthews, & Wetterau, 2010, p. 55-57). The study shows that Just the ringer on a cell phone alone can have an impact on how a student takes notes. However, not everyone thinks that cell phones are a bad idea. Authors Kevin Thomas and Blanche Obannon wrote an article titled ‘Cell Phones In The Classroom: Preservice Teachers’ Perceptions’, which talks about cell phone use in the class room and how it would be beneficial to students. Mentioning that by 201 5 two-thirds of all suggest that this can be a positive thing with the use of tools provided by cell phones for content creation, student centered learning, authentic learning, differentiation of instruction, assessment, and reflection (Thomas ; Obannon, 2013). Given that cell phones can be used as a tool to better educate; it still would not be a good idea because studies prove that a ringer alone can distract a student. Also that text messages and social media cites such a Facebook and Twitter will also be a distraction away from school work. If students were openly able to utilize their cell hones while in class this would cause a distraction and decrease in their grades. A teenager who pays more attention to their phone while in school can cause them to not be academically successful. When a teenager depends solely on communicating through their cell phone it will cause them to have a difficult time with face-to-face interactions. Many teens would prefer to send a text message or make a phone call to their friend in the next room rather than Just walking over and talking to them. Not only does this encourage laziness but it also affects their social skills. An Article in the Washington Post by Masuma Ahuja called ‘Teens are spending more time consuming social media, on mobile devices’, which talks about teens spending a long amount of time on social media and how it effects their social skills. Ahuja says, â€Å"Teens spend so much time interacting with each other on social networks and phones that they are growing less comfortable with in-person interactions and not developing essential social skills† (Ahuja, 2013). It is clear that teenagers who prefer talking on a cell phone, sending a Facebook message or sending a text message are more likely to have trouble in a social setting. Cell phones have also made a great impact with the way families interact with one another. It causes teenagers to subconsciously disrespect their parents by using their cellphones while at the dinner table or picking up a phone call while being spoken to by their parents. An article called ‘The Cell Phone as an Agent of Social Change’ written by Abu Sadat Nurulla from the University of Alberta talks about the effect that cellphones have on the way youth interact with family and their peers. Nurulla says that cell phones cannot solve ongoing child and parent communication issues, such as quality and flow of communication (Nurulla, p. 1). Although a teenager having a cell phone may help with keeping in touch with their parents for emergencies, but it does not otherwise benefit the relationship due. Teenagers seem to not be aware of the effect of being overly indulged with communicating on cell phones; it can seriously hinder their ability to socialize because they are use to sitting behind a phone. Teenagers over dependence and use of their cell phone can lead to depression. Something as minor as falling asleep with their phone beside them can cause lack of sleep due to the phone going off in the middle of the night, which will cause lack of leep and could lead to the teenager having a bad day. An article called â€Å"How Mobile Phones Affect Sleep’ in the Huffington Post talks about how mobile phones affect a good nights sleep, while making reference to a study funded by a major mobile phone maker. It says, â€Å"People exposed to major radiation took longer to fall asleep and spent less time in deep sleep† (Huffington Post, 2013). So it is clear that cell phones can be linked to teens not sleeping well at night. Also in the Medical Post an about a study done to link the over use of cell phones by teen to depression. The tudy showed that compared to teens in the lower scoring group than the group of adolescence that used their phones more often had significantly higher scores in the depression inventory scale and interpersonal anxiety scale, as well as scoring low on the self-esteem scale (Hodges, 2006). These results reflect that teenagers are very likely to suffer from depression if they continue to spend too much time in their cell phones. Depression and lack of sleep will lead to severe mental issues if not sustained at an early stage. Youth today are overly dependent on cell phones. So dependent that many of hem seem to be out of touch with reality. Due to the mental, social, and academic effects of cell phones, teenagers are being sent down the wrong path. These three aspects are very important to human development as a whole. They are more critical at the adolescent stage, where teenagers should be attempting to reach their full potential without the distraction of cell phones. A teenager should be able to sleep well in order to go to school, be attentive, and be able to socialize with their peers and teachers without the interruption of receiving a text message or a phone call.

Case study The fashion channel

â€Å"TFC was a successful cable TV network- and the only network dedicated solely to fashion (Stahl,2007)†. It was one of the most widely available niche networks with an 80 million subscriber base (Stahl,2007). It has had a constant growth above the industry average until the emergence of new competitors such as CNN and Lifetime in 2006. One of the most important strengths of TFC is the fact that the channel is in the basic cable package. As opposed to CNN or Lifetime, TFC is not a pay channel and thus has a higher possibility to reach more viewers than its competitors.However, TFC is currently facing two major problems. These are an unclear targeting group and an increased power of competitors. These problems could be also seen as their weakness. Since their target group is unclear, unclear strategies might be formulated that could hinder the growth of the channel. Based on the customer and market data from the case, the largest current customer base of TFC are females betw een the age of 35 and 54 (representing 27. 45% of the viewers). While their ideal targeting groups is slightly younger females from the age of 18 to 34, they only make up for 20.13% of the viewers.Generally, this group likes to follow the way celebrities dress. Information about discounts in fashion stores and fashion recommendations are valued as well by this age range. However, it should be noted that their income might be lower compared to other age ranges. On the other hand, male viewers could also represent an interesting customer base for the channel. Males nevertheless, focus more on new designs, fashion trends and new brands. Different to young females, males can be less sensitive to price.Unfortunately, TFC has the lowest market share with only  1. 1M households (representing 1% of the market share). Besides, the biggest customer bases for Fashion Today are females ranging from 18 to 34 years old representing 27. 09% of their viewers. They represent a big threat for TFC a s the later might profit by targeting this age range in the future. On the other hand, Fashion Tonight from CNN especially targets male customers. Therefore not surprising, males represent 45% of their viewer’s base. Both Fashion Today and Fashion Tonight also have a larger customer base than TFC, which are 3. 3M and 4. 4M respectively.In order to change the current situation, Wheeler came up with three scenarios. The first one is maintain a multisegment of Fashionistas, Planners & Shoppers and Situationists. The advantage of this scenario is the increase in net income partially because no incremental costs would be incurred. At the same time, TCL could also target the 18-34 age group. However, the CPM will be $0. 2 lower than 2007. Also, in this scenario, no clear targeting group would yet arise. The second scenario is targeting the segment of Fashionistas.The narrower segmentation will put the company in a disadvantage situation with a 0.8% decrease of its market share (0. 88M). It also requires an incremental cost of $15 million. Finally, the risk exists that a large part of the current viewers wants might not be met by this differentiation as programs might be seen as to â€Å"professional† or â€Å"distinct†. However, buying power in this group is high and CPM will go up to $3. 5 resulting in the increase of both ad revenue ($322,882,560) and net income ($151,496,083). The third scenario entails focusing on two segments, Fashionistas and Shoppers & Planners. The average rating could increase to 1. 2% with a broader viewers pool (1.32M) and extract highest ad revenue and net income with $345,945,600 and $168,867,232 respectively.Meanwhile, younger aged females should especially be targeted if this segmentation is put into place. Nevertheless, a $20 million investment is required for this scenario and only targets around 50% of the females. There is a possibility to lose customer loyalty in this case and consequently part of its custome r base. Based on the analysis, it is wise to choose scenario 3 which entails the dual targeting of Fashionistas and Shoppers & Planners as a new implementation strategy since it generates highest ad revenue, net income and profit margin.50% of the entire female viewer base could be targeted by this dual targeting with passion for fashion and high income. In this case, females from 18-34 will be targeted as they represent their largest viewers base which takes 32. 5% of the entire female segment. In terms of positioning, 4Ps is appropriate to describe the strategic changes needed. It is advised to modify the program profile into one that is more novel and intriguing to the younger generation by improving product quality. For instance, it can invite celebrities more often to the program. Thus, it responds to the needs of the target group (females aged 18-34).With respect to price, it could decrease their ad price by 5% which would result in a CMP of 2. 375. It is predicted that with a lower price, more advertisers are willing to launch their ad on the fashion channel. Besides, TFC should boost promotion by opening a website with specific focus on fashion news and brands for youth, thereby rapidly establishing customer sensitivity and awareness to their product. Lastly, in terms of Place, TFC might find it in their interest to expand overseas through contracting with foreign TV channels, producing tailored programs based on local preferences on fashion.

Engaging the Bible in a Gendered World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Engaging the Bible in a Gendered World - Essay Example Yet, the book is interesting, even exalting at times. It can be considered an introductory textbook. It is also a highly regarded work. In fact, various scholars from the field of feminism and women studies use the book to introduce students to the methods, issues, and theoretical frameworks central to the discipline of feminist biblical interpretation. In highly available essays, this unique and precedent making book includes many interesting methods of presenting the information on gender bias in the Bible. These methods and order of presentation of information include the history, achievements, and revolutionary and even radical questions. These questions were thought provoking, as was the entire concept of the text. The questions encompassed both biblical and gender study. These questions included many subjects that force even a skeptical reader to take the concept of gender bias in the bible into careful consideration. These cutting edge questions included science and , violence and the Bible, female biblical God imagery, and sexuality. These were significant aspects to consider especially in the context of the text and its implication. Also significant to the book and its implication is the writer's back ground. ... She is the author of Just Wives Stories of Power and Survival in the Old Testament and Today and Ruth in the esteemed Interpretation commentary series. The contributors to this book are just as important as the message it provides. These contributors include men and women alike. These contributors are feminist, womanist, and pro-feminist biblical interpreters. They include a list of scholars in theology, history and feminist studies. Contributors include Phyllis Bird, Nacy Bowen, Juliana Claassens, Linda Day, Ada Maria Isasi Diaz, Frederick Dobbs-Allsopp, Freda Gardner, Nyasha Junior, Jacqueline Lapsley, Eunny Lee, Patrick Miller, Christie Nueger, Kathleen O'Connor, Dennis Olson, Anna May Say Pa, Carolyn Pressler, J. J. M. Roberts, Kathryn Roberts, Leong Seow, Elizabeth Tanner, and Renita Weems. References Day, Linda, Pressler, Carlyn. Engaging the Bible in a Gendered World: An Intro to Feminist Biblical Interpretation in Honor of Katharine Doob Sakenfeld Westminster / John Knox / 2006 writinghelp-central.com, Book Report Writing Template. 2005. As viewed on the world wide web at UJRL

Nure health-related website Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nure health-related website - Essay Example It is quite easy to locate the website using Google as the search engine. By just typing ‘health.gov’ on the browser, the website is the first to be generated. The website domain is ‘gov,’ which can be interpreted to mean that the website belongs to a government-affiliated agency. Actually, it belongs to the US Department of Health and Human Services. Further, the website is under the coordination of the Office of Disease Prevention and health Promotion, the Office of the Secretary and the Office of the assistant Secretary of Health in the US Department of Health and Human services. This website in every respect deals with matters relating to health. The universal resource locator (URL) for the website is http://www.health.gov/. www.health.gov is an outstanding website that commands a lot of authority hence its credibility. Being owned by the Department of Health and Human Services, it is expected that it will abhor the most credible information that is obtained from reliable sources. The government conducts health surveys as well as credible independent surveys, which form the basis of some of the information that is posted in this website. In addition, any health related communication from the government and stakeholders in the health sector are provided through this site. In this regard, the site has diverse health news and resources from different credible sources. The focus on the site is on matters related to human health. This demonstrates that the site is quite specific and objective. Navigating through the site is quite easy because there are different categories that one can click, hence providing an easy access to various form of health information. The site does not collect any personal informat ion unless the user opts to do so though the information is protected. However, non-personal information is collected and saved. The site prohibits sharing, disclosing or selling of its information unless provided by the Federal

Accounting Class, pick topic below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Accounting Class, pick topic below - Essay Example While some individuals intend to work for as long as they can, particularly because idleness and loss of accustomed status can bring depression, illness, and even early death, it is always pleasant to contemplate that one has a nest egg to fall back on when a contingency or extreme need for money arises. "Whatever your situation - even if you want to continue working - youll need to do some planning for the future." (Shwab-Pomerantz & Schwab, 2002). Thus everyone should begin to plan for retirement even during the first few years of employment or starting a business. Retirement planning, according to the Small Business Encyclopedia, describes the financial strategies individuals employ during their working years to ensure that they will meet their goals for financial security upon retirement. This applies to self-employed persons, small business owners, and employees of companies large and small (Retirement planning, SBE) Retirement planning was unknown prior to the twentieth century because the US national economy and presumably the economies in other parts of the world were still predominantly agrarian. Farmers toiling in the fields continued to work until they could no longer do physical labor, and transferred ownership and management of their properties to their eldest children in return for services to them during their old age (US History Encyclopedia). Even with the onset of industrialization, there were still a limited number of employees, and farming continued to dominate as a means of livelihood. As workers aged, they continued to work using their skills and wisdom in lieu of strength and stamina to remain employed in their later years. (Retirement planning, US) Later, because of concerns about productivity and efficiency in the workplace, it was deemed necessary to replace aging workers with young and strong ones. There was concern and apprehension about these

You Decide Activity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

You Decide Activity - Assignment Example This would be effectively done by increasing lending rates to commercial banks. This will in turn serve to reduce the money supply in the public. Once people have money, they can invest moderately and in addition create job opportunities. In addition, the governments should also sell treasury bills in order to decrease money supply in the economy. Another very effective monetary policy is use of the credit multiplier (Taylor, 2007). When the reserve ratio is increased, there will be less availability of money for credit hence the supply of money will be under control. Adjusting rates of interest is of great significance in controlling an increase in the gross domestic product of the economy. Inflation significantly devalues a country’s currency because goods will be highly priced. The problem of inflation can be avoided by stabilizing the dollar. Taxation is also an alternative approach to controlling inflation (Carbaugh, 2011). If the money supply is very high in the economy, taxation should be increased to control the supply of money in the market. Increased market operation is another that will control the supply of money hence assisting the country regain an economic balance (Taylor, 2007). At times controlled economic recessions are good as they cure the problem of inflation. One measure that would help completely deal with the current economic problem would be to stimulate the economy especially through lower tax rates. Producers will be motivated to produce more and as a result restore the economy. In addition, the government should try to increase its public expenditure without at first considering the budget deficit. Commercial banks should be motivated to create more funds for

Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Media - Essay Example A collaboration of linguistic codes of narration, connotations, and text implies the subjects’ identity is ‘Osama bin Laden’ who is ‘watching himself on Television’. The production of the audio and implied representation in the text conveys a positive image for the U.S government, and demoralizes Osama. This demonstrates political influence in the media. The initial clip was apparently â€Å"seized at bin Ladens Pakistan compound† by U.S military in an operation to terminate Osama. Department of Defense would later supply the tape media to CNN with an Obama’s picture at the corner and without the audio track because it is seemingly inappropriate to spread the words of terrorist. The clip concerns a subject ‘Osama bin Laden’, who features as a terrorist in U.S culture, thus would generate mass audiences influencing CNN to broadcast this report. The driving forces behind the production of this report are government organizatio ns that have analyzed the meaning and impact of this tape before supplying it to CNN. Indeed, the U.S Department of Defense made a deliberate alteration to the tape. This manifests government sponsored propaganda’ as the alteration seeks to justify U.S military presence in Middle East and an effort to portray a positive representation of the U.S government by its successful results on ‘war on terror’. The alteration by the U.S Department of Defense and the production of the CNN report demonstrate media production. Were it not for the image of Osama Bin Laden in the report and the involvement of the U.S Department of Defense, the report would have made no news. Actually, Cable News Network manipulates the audience’s interest by using narration from correspondence to news presentation that guides the reader through connotations and mythology in the text. This demonstrates media textuality. This effectively cements

AMEX vs NASDAQ - Similarities and Differences Assignment

AMEX vs NASDAQ - Similarities and Differences - Assignment Example To start off both Amex and NASDAQ are companies that are based on the stock market. Both handle major clients and conduct transactions with many different exchanges. Both also deal with the buying and selling of stocks. As regards to the popularity, each is widely known and capitalizes on their investors.While similarities exist, both corporations do have obvious differences. The major point of difference is that Amex uses floor exchange methodology; a specialist system with a centralized limit order book while NASDAQ employs an electronic listing of competing dealer quotes. This difference leads on to other differences such as transaction processing time (slower in the case of Amex) and efficiency.As mentioned earlier the AMEX is an order-driven continuous auction market, the foundation stone of which are the market makers or â€Å"specialists†. The work of the specialists is to facilitate continuous trading by posting quotes for their own account or by offering the best quot es on their limit order book, which represent a centralized depository for limit orders to buy or sell stocks at specified rates or better. Limit orders provide immediate liquidity and their importance on the AMEX can be judged by the fact that nearly 88% of the volume on AMEX arises from trades in which the specialists do not participate for their own account. But specialists in the AMEX are not allowed to trade ahead of limit orders at the same prices so their quotes usually reflect the limit order book. The result is temporarily stale limit prices (in the initial stages) after public announcements. This slow updating of limit orders can delay revisions in the best bid and ask quotes.

Advanced accounting Ch 1 solution Essay Example for Free

Advanced accounting Ch 1 solution Essay 1A business combination is a union of business entities in which two or more previously separate and independent companies are brought under the control of a single management team. Three situations establish the control necessary for a business combination, namely, when one or more corporations become subsidiaries, when one company transfers its net assets to another, and when each combining company transfers its net assets to a newly formed corporation. 2The dissolution of all but one of the separate legal entities is not necessary for a business combination. An example of one form of business combination in which the separate legal entities are not dissolved is when one corporation becomes a subsidiary of another. In the case of a parent-subsidiary relationship, each combining company continues to exist as a separate legal entity even though both companies are under the control of a single management team. 3A business combination occurs when two or more previously separate and independent companies are brought under the control of a single management team. Merger and consolidation in a generic sense are frequently used as synonyms for the term business combination. In a technical sense, however, a merger is a type of business combination in which all but one of the combining entities are dissolved and a consolidation is a type of business combination in which a new corporation is formed to take over the assets of two or more previously separate companies and all of the combining companies are dissolved. 4Goodwill arises in a business combination accounted for under the acquisition method when the cost of the investment (fair value of the consideration transferred) exceeds the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired. Under GAAP, goodwill is not amortized for financial reporting purposes and will have no effect on net income, unless the goodwill is deemed to be impaired. If goodwill is impaired, a loss will be recognized. 5A bargain purchase occurs when the acquisition price is less than the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. The acquirer records the gain from a bargain purchase as an ordinary gain during the period of the acquisition. The gain equals the difference between the investment cost and the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired.

Sympathy for the betrayers and the betrayed Essay Example for Free

Sympathy for the betrayers and the betrayed Essay More than would be imagined, it is sometimes more difficult to sympathise with the victims of infidelity; easier than we might have imagined to sympathise with the betrayers themselves. To what extent do you agree with this estimation in relation to the three texts chosen? In none of the three texts can it be said that the adulterers elicit or deserve greater sympathy than the victims of adultery. Despite this imbalance, it would unconsidered and possibly rather supercilious to simply judge the betrayers on their actions without meditating on the reasoning behind the actions and the circumstances in which the adulterers have found themselves. All the adulterers within the text (apart from Jerry in Betrayal (1978), and Rodolphe in Madame Bovary (1857)) merit a degree of sympathy, yet despite this, their actions cannot be wholly justified, and the characters cannot, therefore, be fully exonerated. The savage destruction of Emma Bovary by Flaubert, and Cresseids gruesome infliction of leprosy are certainly a cause for sympathy in both cases. Emma Bovarys death is a painfully drawn out event in which she turned whiter than the sheet at which her fingers kept clawing and soon began to vomit blood. Her limbs were contorted, her body covered with brown blotches. It is interesting to note the contrast between the description at the beginning of the novel in which Flaubert erotically describes the tip of her tongue poking between her beautiful teeth, delicately licking the bottom of the glass and the description post-arsenic in which her entire tongue protruded from her mouth; her rolling eyes dimmed like lamp globes as they fade into darkness. Notably, Flaubert focuses on the body and its indignities, which is in contrast to Madame Bovarys romanticism Similarly, in The Testament of Cresseid, Henryson depicts a disease so realistic and visceral that, as early as 1841, Sir J. A. Y. Si mpson was able to diagnose the exact type of disease Cresseid has. (1) Henrysons detailed description gave rise to at least one suggestion that he himself was a physician. The Gods marred her, declaring, Your eyes so bright and crystal I make bloodshot / Your voice so clear, unpleasing, grating, hoarse / Your healthy skin I blacken, blotch and spot / With livid lumps I cover your fair face. Cupids declaration of, Your mirth I hereby change to melancholy is one of a series of semantically opposite, yet alliterative words, which in this instance, are used to display the unfavourable contrast of Cresseids existence before her punishment and afterwards, whilst also augmenting the malicious and sadistic nature of the Gods. In Heaneys translation he writes, your high estate is in decline and fall. The is a reference to Edward Gibbons work The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, (1776) the literary allusion conveying the suddenness and inexplicability of Cresseids physical decline. The bleakness of her situation is summarised in the descri ption of her having to make do with a cup and clapper. They remain Her whole life has been reduced to this alliterative phrase, whilst the caesura indicates the sudden nature of her loss. Not only does Cresseid receive a gruesome affliction, the reader is also left with the feeling that her punishment is undeserved. The reason for her sentence is blasphemy, since whoever blasphemes all Gods offer insults. Betrayal is heavily frequented with profanities such as Good God, yet nothing results. In Madame Bovary, Charles addressed curses to the heavens, but not so much as a leaf quivered. The triviality of Cresseids offence in contrast to the magnitude of her chastisement displays an injustice in the name of justice, and this is borne true in the lack of consequence fastened to blasphemy in the other two texts. When Cupid retorts indignantly of Cresseids claim that I was the cause of her misfortune, one notes an irony given that all the Gods share an overwhelming involvement in all her actions and hence her misfortune. Cresseid is a puppet of the pagan Gods whims, and her lack of volition means that she should not be blamed. Fate is recurrently referred to, in for example, the lines, Cresseids most miserable and fated death (fatall destenie), Of Troy and Greece, how it could be your fate, and Fate is fickle when she plies the shears. This predestination is not a problem with which the adulterers in the other two texts must face. Further, the scornfully humorous description of the Gods, particularly Saturn who behaved in a churlish, rough, thick-witted manner, and had a rucked and wrinkled face, a lyre like lead and a steady nose run creates a further sympathy for Emma, since those that condemn her are rendered in an absurd, grotesque and humorous light. Henryson goes further when he describes Cupid as a boar that whets its tusks, he grinds and fumes, since it goes beyond anthromorphism to zoomorphism; and the description of Gods that raged, grimaced, rampaged and bawled and scoffed is a display of Gods that have unlimited power and limited judgement. Whilst Madame Bovary does not have to contend with predestination, her actions are still restricted by societys ambits and the limitations placed on women in the mid-nineteenth century. In societal terms, she has to live in the mediocrity of her provincial surroundings. It is important to note that the novels sub-title is Provincial Manners they frustrated Flaubert, and he used Emma Bovarys disgust with her class as a way of conveying his own hatred for the banality of the middle-classes. Madame Bovary shows how ridiculous the attitudes of the bourgeoisie can be. Homaiss haughtily flamboyant speeches are used by Flaubert to display the pretensions of the bourgeois. The less grandiose act by a woman who received a 25 franc award for 54 years of service giving it to our curà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ so he can say some masses for me leads the reader not to see this as remarkable, rather to see it as a sign of fanaticism, thus challenging fidelity as a certain good. Madame Bovary longs to be more ref ined and sophisticated than her environment allows her. Flauberts depiction of a black chalk drawing of the head of Minerva in the middle of a wall whose green paint was flaking from the damp is a visual metaphor for Emma Bovary, a Roman goddess amongst the banalities of life. A recurring leitmotif in the novel is that of Emma Bovary looking with her head against the window pane, gazing into the garden; it is a poignant allusion to her aspirations for a more interesting existence and also her locomotive desires, in which the garden has both a metaphorical and physically restrictive quality. Her affairs represent her both breaking out of an existence as humdrum and circumscribed as that of their hens and their dogs (2) and that she had no qualms about mistaking cul for coeur.'(2) The Emma of Betrayal has a greater degree of freedom than the other two protagonists, she, after all is running a gallery. Nevertheless, it could be argued that she is a player in amongst Jerry and Roberts game of one-upmanship; their self-absorbed competitiveness being encapsulated in their games of squash (note the punning effect with the verb squash and Rodolphes remark that he will squash him (Charles) like a fly in Madame Bovary). This remark of Rodolphes shows that he also gets enjoyment from stamping on other mens power, which is backed up in the imagery of Rodolphes Mounted stags heads in his study he gets a thrill from male conquest as well as female conquest. Harold Pinter himself commented that Betrayal is a play about two close friends perhaps Emma is simply within Jerry and Roberts story, a victim of psychological determinism, rather than Madame Bovarys societal determinism and Cresseids cosmic determinism. Both Emma Bovary and Cresseid share an existence in a patriarchal world, which Emma from Betrayal is not a part of. Madame Bovary, for example, is blessed with artistic gifts that cause Charles to proudly display her work to whoever chooses to visit his abode. However, given the restrictions placed on women during the period, the Bovary households wall would be the only dwelling for any art she may happen to create; this can be contrasted to Betrayals Emma who actually owns her own art gallery and who also has the benefit of the possibility of travelling anywhere she wants (the film notes her possession of a car: making her an agent of mobility), and is not confined to the ennui of a rustic Rouen. Madame Bovarys gender-founded restrictions are expressed in the structure of the novel. The novel initiates with a depiction of Charles schooldays, and indeed, starts with the nous form, thus centralising Charless character. At the end of the novel, Homais becomes the centre of attention, as his mounting successes are described by Flaubert, finally climaxing in Il vient de recevoir la croix dhonneur (he has been given the Legion of Honour). Emmas story is therefore trapped between Charles and Homais; the structure of the novel is mimetic of her entrapment in a male-dominated world, and these restrictions should evoke sympathy in the reader. Similarly, Cresseid is subject to male authority, which is made clear in the line Yet whatever men may think or say contemptuously, and the traditionally accepted belief of her as being merely a lustfully encumbered individual is challenged by the way in which her punishment is portrayed as having resulted from blasphemy. The popular portrayal of Cresseid in both Chaucers Troilus and Cresseid (C. 1380) and Shakespeares Troilus and Cressida is challenged by the Testament of Cresseid (1475) and evoke sympathy in the reader. Madame Bovary and Emma are mutually unique from Cresseid in that their adulterous other halves are base to a level which subtracts from the potential criticism of the primary adulterers themselves. Jerry is emotionally detached from Emma, yet still has a vulgar, sexual interest in her, as indicated in the final (yet chronologically foremost) scene in which he declares, I should have had you, in your white, before the wedding, I should have blackened you, in your white wedding dress. He later articulates, youre banishing me to, a state of catatonia, and frequently proclaims youre beautiful, youre incredible etc. However, earlier in the play, he makes short remarks and responses to Emmas questions an indication that he has no real emotional interest in her. Jerry also fails to recall with accuracy certain events relating to their relationship. For example when Jerry recalls throwing Emmas daughter in the air he believed it to be in Emmas kitchen, to which she replied, it was your kitchen. When Jerry calls her darling she responds, dont say that, because she knows that this term of endearment is not meant by Jerry. Emma puts in a lot of effort into the affair, as indicated by her yearning for a continuation of their romantic escapades: you see, in the past, we were inventive, we were determined, Jerrys disinterested response is, It would not matter how much we wanted it if youre not free in the afternoons and Im in America. This is extremely similar to Rodolphes remark Youre mad, you really are! How could we do that?, when Emma puts forward the idea of a sojourn in Paris, and is indicative of the contrasting levels of commitment between the adulterer and the adulteress. When they finally decide on their trip to Paris, Madame Bovary asks, I am counting the days. Arent you? There is also a link between that and Emmas question will we ever go to Venice? She answers her own question in Betrayal in Madame Bovary, nothing is said at all. Emmas desire for something more in their relationship is indicated in her wish for a shared home with Jerry. She is saddened by the fact that the crockery and the curtains and the bedspread have been left for so long. She later says to Jerry you didnt ever see it as a home in any sense did you?, to which Jerry replied, no, I saw it as a flat you know. Emma correctly acknowledges Jerrys desires when she finishes off his sentence with the words for fucking, despite Jerrys protestation of for loving. Emmas inability to let go of the relationship is indicated in the scene where she struggles to take her ring from her keyring and ends up throwing it to Jerry to take it off Jerry would be happy to end the relationship. Rodolphe is an even more heinous character, as indicated in his objectification of Emma: This one had seemed pretty to him, the word one rather than she makes her merely one of his many inamoratas. Even more striking is when he says, how to get rid of it afterwards (admittedly, the French elle can mean both she and it, but Margaret Mauldons Oxford translation, unlike that of the Penguin edition uses the wholly unkind it, which is much more effective in making Rodolphe appear objectionable). In both cases, the deplorable adulterers create sympathy when scrutinising the adulteresses and this is not a factor that exists in The Testament of Cresseid. If one were to be overtly cynical, it could be argued that Jerry and Rodolphe are partly correct in their views on the affair. Is an affair really all that romantic, after all? Vargas Llosa would be quick to point out the dangers of equating lust with love. Perhaps the two Emmas are looking for too much in the relationship, and are making it out to be more than it really is. Emmas amorous adventures activate an abundance of lies, yet Stephen Heath empathizes with her fabrications. He states that Emma lies, but everything lies'(3), he talks of how the narrating voice enters to state a distance from her, but Flaubert also cuts such statements, reduces their number(3). At times, the narration drifts into sympathy with Emma, at other times it condemns her. The use of a style indirect libre causes the narration to be ambiguous, and the truth of description becomes indistinguishable from the subjectivity of opinion. A characteristic example of this is when Flaubert talks about Rodolphe in the 3rd person Rodolphe had heard these things so many times that they had nothing original for him. He then reverts into Rodolphes mind: one has to make allowances, he thought, exaggerated declarations masking mediocre affection. One gets the impression that Flaubert reverts back to the narrative in the ending lines human language is like a cracked cauldron on which we beat out tunes to make a bear dance when we would move the stars to pity, however, this is just an assumption the non-use of quotation marks means the reader can never know when a characters thoughts have ended, and one gets the impression that the narrator imparts some of his own reflections into the characters thoughts. This free and indirect style not only creates a sympathy with regards to her fallaciousness, it is also creates a benignancy by virtue of the way the narration supports her own views. An example of this is when the narration wafts from she wondered if by some other workings of chance it might not have been possible for her to meet another man to a sort of agreement from the narrator in the line he might have been handsome, witty, distinguished, attractive. Heath describes this free and indirect style as a way in which the the writer and the reader become Emma, are taken up in her reverie, her imaginings. The novel, therefore, often cultivates its own sympathy by virtue of its style, which causes the writer and reader to become one with the protagonist and to experience Madame Bovarys own feelings. This can be paralleled to Henrysons voice of sympathy The Testament of Cresseid. Henryson is so derisory of the unreasonable nature of the Gods ruling that he impulsively breaks into the se cond person when he declares: Your doom is hard and too malicious, thus interrupting the sentencing and displaying contempt of court Cresseid and Madame Bovary are dissimilar to Emma in so far as they experience a development as a result of their infidelity, the former explicitly and the latter implicitly. Cresseid talks about herself in the second person when she says, Where is your chambers cushioned chair and screen / And handsome bed and hand-embroidered linen? The wine and spice, the supper that you supped on. The use of the second person is suggestive of self-derision rather than self-lamentation. She understands her situation and she profoundly remarks, All wealth on earth is wind that flits and veers. She also criticised herself: I myself will be my own accuser. This development from Cresseid makes her worthy of not so much sympathy but respect. Madame Bovarys development happens in a moment, which makes it more like an epiphany, thus lacking the cognitively prolonged nature of Cresseids development. It is also a very implicit moment in which she began to laugh, a ghastly, frenzied, despairing laugh after hearing the voice of the blind beggar. At this point, she realises the meaning of the beggars words love is unseeing (thus rendering the beggar as an representation of Cupid. Whilst Cresseid and Madame Bovary cannot be justified in their actions, their realisations do rouse respect from the reader. The Emma of Betrayal experiences no such development. An aspect of the equation still wants, namely the victims. It is certainly true that the adulterers garner a notable degree of sympathy, yet it would be very mean-spirited to identify more with them than the victims. In the Testament of Cresseid, the affected person is Troilus. Although there are only 2 paragraphs focusing on Cresseids betrayal of Troilus, they themselves being sped along by the use of enjambment, this is done more out a desire not to repeat a story successfully written by Chaucer, but also to alleviate the readers judgment of Cresseid. Later in the poem, Henryson writes of Troilus in glowing terms, describing him as having beaten down, by war and jeopardy, / The Grecian knights, and in a moment of great largesse past where Cresseid with lepers made abode and A girdle he took out, / A purse of gold and many shining gemstones / and threw them down into Cresseids dress. Troilus certainly elicits a huge amount of sympathy from the reader, especially after he for grief a lmost fell down when recalling Cresseids physical deformations. In both Madame Bovary and Betrayal, the victims of adultery are children. Jerrys lack of concern over his children is encapsulated in his gnomic description of his son Sam: Hes tall. Quite tall. Does a lot of running. Hes a long distance runner. Wants to be a zoologist. The waiter in the restaurant scene is similarly an innocent bystander who is subjected to Roberts frustrations: wheres our lunch. This place is going to pot. Same glass. Wheres our lunch? Richard Martin, in his letter to The Times Literary Supplement argued that he sees not just displaced emotion in Roberts aggression towards the waiter but the waiter himself as a displaced version of Judith: for she is the hapless, indeed dumb, waiter (4). Judith, the children, and the waiter, are all correlated because they are all affected onlookers, but they know not what by. It is interesting to note that the children do not feature physically in the play, but in the 1983 film (by David Jones), the children feature in negative-co nsequences of the characters adultery-borne vented frustrations; for example, when Jerry hollers at his son for playing music too loudly. This is paralleled in Madame Bovary, where her daughter is a victim of her infidelity. This is evidenced in the scene where Madame Bovary says to Berthe Oh, for heavens sake, leave me alone, shoving her away with her elbow. As a result, Berthe fell against the foot of the chest of draws, cutting her cheek on the brass fitting. At the end of the novel, Berthe makes her keep at a cotton mill. The chief victim of infidelity in the three texts is Charles Bovary. Despite being unsophisticated, dim-witted and a frighteningly bad doctor (his operation on Hippolytes club foot, resulting in amputation, as an example), he is still one of the novels most moral and sincere characters and he genuinely loved Emma whilst she was having licentious liaisons. Emma is often very unkind to Charles, for example, when she says; he carries a knife in his pocket like a peasant. I cannot help but parallel this to the narrator in Robert Frosts poem Mending Wall who describes his neighbour as Bringing a stone grasped firmly by the top / In each hand, like an old-stone savage armed. It is a particularly significant line, since Rodolphe wields a knife at one point, and this fails to elicit the same response from Emma. One strikingly poignant scene is when Charles finally sees all the letters from Emmas lovers: his deep despondency caused general amazement. He no longer went out, he saw no one, he even refused to visit his patients. People began saying that he shut himself off to drink. The final description of him is as a long-bearded, wild-looking man in filthy clothes who paced up and down noisily. For all Charles faults, it seems unthinkable to sympathise more with Emma than Charles. In all three cases, the victims garner more sympathy than the b etrayers. One should not nonchalantly accept the three primary adulterers actions as morally reprehensible; but we should acknowledge that their actions are borne out of something more complex than it would at first appear. The greatest sympathy should be given to Cresseid because her life was subject to fate; she lacked all volition owing to Henrysons depiction of the all-encompassing control of the Gods. I say Henrysons depiction because Chaucers original has been manipulated by Henryson such that it rapidly avoids the issue of her affair whilst also removing all her volition. Madame Bovary represents the repressed sensuality within us, and the reader can certainly feel for her more than the prudish and monotonous environment she inhabits (ironically, it was a puritanical society that condemned Flauberts novel for being too sympathetic to an adulteress). It is difficult to sympathise with Betrayals Emma. It is true that she longed for a more meaningful relationship with Jerry, but her dedication to Jerry is severely questioned given the initiation of her additional affair with Casey. One would have to question the disposition of any individual who sympathises with the adulterers more than the victims of adultery, as any reader of Madame Bovary would attest to. 1. http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/testaint.htm 2. The Perpetual Orgy (Vargas Llosa) 3. Madame Bovary (Stephen Heath) 4. Letter from the Times Literary Supplement Word count with quotes: 3720 Word Count without quotes: 2895

Introduction To The Maruti Suzuki India Limited Commerce Essay

Introduction To The Maruti Suzuki India Limited Commerce Essay Maruti Suzuki India Limited (Formally known as Maruti Udyog Ltd) was established in 1981, February 24th. It was organized as a legal corporation beneath the provision of the Indian Companies ACT, 1956 to converge the rising demand of personal transportation by the lack of an efficient public transport system. It is the largest car manufacturing company in India accruing over 50% domestic car market. Suzuki Motor Corporation is the largest manufacture of mini passenger vehicles in Japan. According to Automotive Intelligence, Suzuki is eleventh largest vehicle manufacturing company in the world and fourth in Japan in terms of worldwide sales. The company offered different range of cars from passenger cars to sports cars. From 1982, Maruti Udyog was a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation of Japan. They licensed and joint venture agreement had been made between two companies on October, 2 1982. 1 Maruti was also involved in various businesses like manufacturing, sales and purchasing of motor vehicles and parts of automobiles. Other activities of Maruti were facilitation of pre-owned car sales, fleet management and car financing. They have seven subsidiary companies in India are Insurance Business Agency Ltd, Maruti Insurance Distribution Services Ltd, Maruti Insurance agency Solution Ltd, Maruti Insurance Agency Network Ltd, Maruti Insurance Agency services Ltd, Maruti Insurance Agency Logistics Ltd.2 all these were affianced with promotion and selling motor insurance policies to motorcycle owners and the seventh one True Value Solution Ltd were in business of sales of certified pre-owned motorcycles under the brand Maruti True Value. They have four manufacturing units in different areas in Haryana state.3 The first commercial car from the joint venture company was launched in 1983 called Maruti 800 which was very popular. In 1984 they launched Maruti Omni which fits one full size family. In 1985 they introduced Maruti Suzuki Gypsy. In 1997 company exposed to foreign market and imported 500 cars to Hungary. In 1990 they launched three box cars with 1000cc engine; this was the major transformation in the company. In 1992 Suzuki Motor Corporation increased its share value to 50% in Maruti. Later year they launched with Maruti Zen and in 1994 they introduced Maruti Esteem into the market.4 Maruti has inaugurated its second plant in 1995. In 1997, Maruti started Maruti Service Master as model workshop to take care of its sales in India. In 2002, Suzuki Motor Corporation increased the share in Maruti to 54.2%. By 2002 they established 10 finance companies in which 8 of them were finance companies and two were joint ventures. They started a new business strategy for its purchase, sales and trade of old cards is Maruti True Value. With the first worlds strategic model with the help of Suzuki Motor Corporation they launched the SWIFT in 2005.5 Maruti started working on new car plant and the diesel engine facility at Manesar plant, Haryana in 2006-07. They opened a new institute of Driving Training and Research (IDTR) in 2006 is a mutual project with Delhi Government for better Research in the field of automobile. They introduced diesel cars like Swift and SX4 luxury sedam in 2007. Maruti launched Multi Utility Vehicle (MUV) called Grand Vitara stylish, muscular and 5 setter car in 2007. Formerly they changed their name from Maturi Udyog Ltd to Maruti Suzuki India Ltd in 2007. After this they made an joint venture agreement with Magneti Marelli Powertrain SpA, both turned into Magneti Marelli Powertrain India Pvt Ltd and they were manufacturing Electric Control Units for cars. They also went into other joint venture agreement with Futaba Industrial Co Ltd and formed FMI Automotive Compoments Ltd for manufacturing Exhaust System Components. In 2008-09, they introduced a new A2 segment car, A-star in India and in Europe as ne w alto. They also raised their production capacity to 1million cars. In 2008, they launched a dual fuel called Maruti 800 Duo which runs on Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as well as petrol. 6 Report submitted by commission of government in 1982 discloses among the major goals with maruti is to modernization of the Indian automobile industry, Fuel efficient vehicles production, to manufacture huge number of vehicles, gain from foreign technology, and the production of peoples car was suitable for Indian people and the climatic conditions which creates possibility of earning foreign exchange by exporting Maruti products and improving employment by starting new industries in the market. By improving the research in the market is determined by manufacturing of better cars would be in demand in Indian market. The main aim of the Maruti Suzuki production is to take help from Japanese company in its working model, working culture and in Indian industry they mainly focus on hierarchical discrimination, inadequate labor, low labor involved, and labor conflict and low recognition with the company. 7 Maruti Suzuki has created history in automobile industry through going keen on production record in 13 months. It is top number of car manufacturer in Asia, outside Japan and Korea having manufactured about 5 million vehicles by may 2005. It also should a remark as most booming automobile company as joint venture and they keep on making profits since inception till 2000-01. Maturi also produced in service profits on an income of Rs 92.5 billion high reduction on new products that have launched resulted in a book loss. 8 Marutis profit increase to 98% rise in its economic second quarter net profits and they are planning to invest $32.3 million. It is going to improve the Gurgaon factory to northern state of Haryana increasing the facilities to improve 79,000 cars in year. They are trying to modernize its factory to produce cars faster. As the quarterly profit is benefited there is a huge demand from local market as well as international market. 9 Enterprise Architecture issues: Implementation of PLM. Lack of Information Technology. Reinforcing management control. Maruti Implemented Turnaround Strategy. Pricing Strategy followed by Maruti. Maruti care for Customers. Maruti commit to Motorizing India. Relationship with the suppliers and management. Different revenue streams. Importance of Vehicle Maintenance Service Market. Implementation of PLM: Marutis product development aims are, necessitate for short cycle times is necessary all times for the company to be at top position. Marutis management desires to launch new models as earlier as possible and try to decrease the time required for small modifications and expansion of different products. Another aim is to co-development. Main goal of Maruti is to get closer through global team and supplies to come up with new products and stand in the market. Other aim is to reform the method of vehicle localization and improvising quality and reliability. All these aims piercing straight to implement Product lifecycle management (PLM) answer with capabilities for information management, knowledge capture, process management and supporting for global collaboration.10 PLM solution will directly verbalize to Marutis business challenges. Information management potential to solve the issues of different platforms, local variants and export destinations. Process management allows simultaneous improvement and quicker change management and offers a platform for other process improvements to process faster. Knowledge capture improves innovation and at the same time condenses prices by growing part re-use.11 Maruti implemented UGS PLM software as UGS leverages the business value by offering a comple PLM solution according to C. V. Raman, General manager, Engineering Division, Maruti Udyog Ltd. PLM execution consists of Teamcenter, NX and Tecnomatix software. Teamcenter offers broad range of practicality for release management which includes statements of material management and change management. NX maintains vehicle design which provides advance tools for styling, product design and digital mockup. System based modeling solution of NX make simpler for creating product variants. It is also used for tool design and the development of machining programs. Tecnomatrix software computerizes develops process planning. Maruti has won the Asia Pacific PLM excellence Award for 2006 by UGS Corp, which is a company for providing worldwide provider of product lifecycle management (PLM) software and solutions.12 Implementation of oracle application in HR department: Workforce of maruti has grown quickly and expanded to 5,000 workers all over the India. Maruti rapidly discovered that by incompatible systems to manage human resources is insufficient. They needed a system that runs and maintains their employee details. Executing Oracle Human Resources in the company reported improved its HR functions as recruitment, compensation management, leave management, payroll, competency assessments and staff development. Each employee particulars are accumulated at a solitary database and from where HR department staff can access from the database for complete personal and history of the employees. For example, if a new position is opened they can search the database and find the best match for the opened position. It also helps to find the employee skill levels and training programs for better service and to have better knowledge.13 Maruti organized Oracle Self-Service HR to free HR staff as of basic duties are changing staff address details and to answer doubts regarding payment details and leave entitlements. HR module is either necessary or compulsory requirement for implementing financials of the company, supply chain, CRM or logistics module. Greater part of oracle applications implementations around the globe doesnt have complete HR implementation than functional areas. Increase in the workforce excellence in last years the complete HR implementations are on the rise. There is a huge difference between implementation of complete Oracle HR applications and implementing other non-HR application is different with other modules. Implementing complete HT potentially might require many changes to the core HR setup compared to implementing non-HR applications. The analysis and implementation would impact areas befor planning complete HR implementation in the above applications. Oracle HR applications helps employ ees to update their details and apply for holiday break, checking their payrolls using the system. HR staff liked the Oracle application because it was focused on performance assessment and staff development.14 Lack of Information Technology: There was no ERP vendor that supports the system in India until they decided to automate their operations until 1990. Lack of information technology effect the company a lot as technology is the major issue for any company development. Maruti considered the relative quality of producing vehicles on a random, daily basis through a quality. To improve the quality of the products they introduced different measures like talking with customers and taking surveys and understand the customer problems and solve them. They planned for long term goals for implementing and giving out the best quality to the customers and study their problems and keep on challenging targets for the company. Maruti decided to build the ERP system by itself with a group of 45 qualified engineers and taking help of Oracle consultants and developed different applications are receipts, production, inventory management, sales, invoicing, financial accounting and payrolls. Applications were developed and upgrading was done internally and maintenance and administration part was given outsourcing.15 Maruti was successful with implementing Oracle implementation commencement of deploying oracle database and oracle real application cluster as a stable foundation for its nationwide dealer management system. Oracle E-business helps the company to improve its applications and faster process in production of the precuts helps in oracle implementations, application support outsourcing, customization enhancements, upgrades migrations, DBA support and testing services. Core HR modules will definitely help employees and use other HR functions as a part of installation. Dealer management system is developed by oracle fusion middleware products. Selecting the ERP system in maruti was chosen by oracle because of its excellent performance. They used to work with external companies to maintain and develop oracle solution. Later they decided to work with the vendors to organize and maintain the ERP system.16 Reinforcing management control: The growing business of Maruti in India in another way proved it to be a tough task to manage, with their existing strategy. The policies they utilized were not scalable with the growing business and they had to look for more reliable options. Main problem with using multiple systems and manage finances with lack of control over processing and information quality in the company. Each company follows different workflows and each division in the company will have different procedures for implementing the workflow. They have different data formats which require consolidation and preventing real time access to the company profile of sales and critical statistics. With the help of oracle application maruti regulated single financial management platform. Maruti took control over accounts payable and accounts revenue and gained complete and assisted in the management of all financial information. The tasks like generating reports for management review proved tedious with employees who had t o do this manually. Also their system was designed to use inputs that were similar but did not possess ability to co-ordinate with the other entities, resulting in a redundancy in tasks being performed.17 For Instance when new business units open up and the company needs to make sure their productivity is not affected and the servers need to be managed manually in order to make sure everything is going as expected. This would definitely involve either a change in system, that is more scalable with the growing business and reduce the manual intervention in to the maintenance task. Otherwise its a way of revising their ways of managing.18 Oracle fitted the slot in an appropriate way, which replaced the till then products used by Maruti. Most of them being internal were not a best option, keeping the current business scenario in view as they lacked co-ordination among them and manual intervention was imminent. Maruti wanted this change to be as smooth as possible and hence played the responsibility with Oracle itself which had a specialized consulting domain. The joint decision was made by oracle considering the requirements of Maruti. The decision was focused on the key factors like design; deploy the software involved in the revision of the technology and also the co-ordination of the teams participating in the task. The after transformation support was also a prime factor to consider during the plan was being designed.19 Maruti Implemented Turnaround Strategy: Maruti was the leading automobile company till 1998, having about 84% of the market share. With the rise in competition from local automobile companies like Hindustan Motors, Telco, Mahindra Mahindra and international automobile companies like Daewoo, Toyota, Ford, PAL, GM, Mitsubishi has changed the structure of whole automobile industry in India from the past seven years and led to decrease in profits and market share for Maruti. The organization learning of Maruti was moderately successful; the cost was relatively inexpensive as Maruti had its strong Japanese practices to fall back upon. With the program of organizational redesign, rationalization of cost and enhanced productivity, Maruti bounced back to competition with 50.8% market share and 40% rise in profit. At the same time investment in automobile sector by foreign car manufacturers was allowed by the Indian government and hold majority stakes.20 With the loss of market share and decline in profits, Maruti pioneered strategic acts to redesign itself to face the competition in the Indian market and also to deal with the Indias liberalization process. During its redesign process Maruti consulted AT Kearney McKinsey which are the consultancy firms, and also an OD consultant Dr.Athreya who is internationally reputed for the development of organization and modes of strategy.21 In its redesign process, the strategies followed are: to launch a new model every year satisfying different segments of the market, to decrease cost of production by accomplishing 85-90% indigenization for new models, increasing the dealer network from 150 to 300 focusing on bulk sales to attain its market share back, to reduce number of vendors and introduce competitive bidding. The mission statement of the organization is to come up with new models like fuel efficient vehicle with latest technology. Leader in domestic market and be among global players in the overseas market. Creating customer delight and shareholders wealth. With the redesign process the total production capacity increased to over 3, 70, 000 vehicles per year with the investment of around Rs. 4000 mn for the expansion project. Along with its redesign process, there has been a change in business focus of Maruti. The business focus of Maruti previously when it controlled the largest market share was to sell what we produce. After it began redesign process business focus of whole organization had a shift from production, production and production to marketing and customer focus. 22 Pricing Strategy followed by Maruti: Maruti has a product offering to all segments at all price levels. It offers a car with the price of Rs.1, 87,000.00 which is the lowest offer on road. The repeat buyers who already owned a Maruti car makes its 70% of business. Completion in the Indian passenger car industry is increasing and price emerged as an important factor affecting the purchasing decisions for customer. Maruti has been in the industry for more than two decades hence as a market lease maruti adopted aggressive pricing strategy.23 Maruti focused on promoting and distribution the products in the high competitive market. Maruti classified different innovative promotional strategies. They came up with some interest rates declining from 12% to as low as 8% in automobile finance. Maruti finances a mjor toll to drive up its car sales. For every customer looking for up gradation in his car their pricing strategy provides an option. Their motive of having different product offering is by considering every set of car cus tomers in India. The following is how every price point is covered.24 Maruti care for Customers: Maruti has successfully incorporated customer-friendly approach in its organization culture by getting rid of public-sector laid back image which made it to win five consecutive J D Power CSI Awards proving that its primary focus is on customer satisfaction. Employees also incorporated customer centric attitude following the organization culture. For each customer complain Maruti dealers and employees are responsible. Based on customer feedback there are cases of cancelling dealerships.25 Maruti has started a number of plans in purpose of well customer service. They have even changed their interior of showroom allowing customers to walk minimum in the showroom and there are schedules for customer service times and delivery of vehicles. The Dealer Sales Executive, who is trained on greeting notes, is the first person to interact with the customer of Maruti when he walks into the Maruti showroom. Under CRM department Maruti has a cell to handle customer complaints. Another effort by Maruti is the call center where Maruti can closely interact with its customer. The Market Research department of Maruti studies varying consumer behavior and needs of market. Marutis claim of being customer friendly further strengthens because of seventy percent of repeat buyers. There is a lot of investment and effort involved in developing customer loyalty schemes.26 Maruti commit to Motorizing India: Maruti is now putting efforts in making Indian consumers to switch from two-wheelers to the car without any tedious effort by the consumers thus showing its commitment of motorizing India. The outcome of this effort is in making small town people to buy Maruti cars for Rs. 2599 scheme because of its association with State Bank of India and its Associate Banks and organized finance plans.27 The compact cars, which currently make up 80% of the market is the root of growth for Maruti in the future. Strong economic growth, affordable finance, up gradation in infrastructure, proper framework favors the growth of car customers. The rise in income levels and low penetration levels at 7 per thousand are the favourable things for development automobile industry. Maruti while researching found that rural people had strange opinions in having a car that EMI (Equated monthly installments) ranges between Rs 4,000 and Rs 5,000 and along with it for the car maintenance it would be Rs 1,500-2,000 per month, plus another Rs 1,000 for fuel. Taking their inputs Maruti started working in developing an innovative idea to counter their apprehension. Controlling the fuel bill is in consumer hands where maintenance need not be. Khattar says What the company is doing now is saying how much you spend on fuel is in your hands anyway. As far as the maintenance cost is concerned, if you want it th at way, we will charge a little extra in the EMI and offer free maintenance. Thus Maruti laid another innovation in the automobile industry.28 Relationship with the suppliers and management Marutis top level direction of purchasing organization began development of a corporate wide Supply Management Strategy. The goal of Supply Management Strategy is to ensure that Maruti to provide with the right product, at the right time, with the best quality, for the lowest possible price. He elaborated the difference between the vendor and suppliers. A Vendor is going to provide a product which is already made and that doesnt include any creativity or innovation. Supplier is an opportunity to extend their business within the organizations that brings the new product with innovation and creativity as required for the developing to meet certain requirements to the product development.29 Supply management strategy goal is to shift the organization from a short-term transaction mentality to a long-term focus on supplier relationship. Position of suppliers with production facilities and there integration into Marutis development process was an important part of long-term relationship development. The long-term transaction would not only achieve by purchasing but also to develop new products for the development. Maruti recognized that engineering and manufacturing plays equal role in achieving the vision of a new role for supply management. Top level management argued that a slow and steady approach was necessary to build the enthusiasm and engagement in supply management system. He also thought that this new ways would bring us new technology improvements and involve good strategic thinking to bring the thing perfect at the first time.30 Different revenue streams: Maruti has successfully developed different financial strategies without making huge investments in the form of MDS, N2N, Maruti Insurance and Maruti Finance. These facilitate in providing the customers a hassle free experience and in turn satisfying the customers.31 Maruti Finance: In a market where car sales of more than 80% are financed, Maruti has successfully entered and created a financial strategy for Maruti. This strategy has become a crucial factor in converting a Maruti car sale in certain cases. Finance plays a key role in making decisions for car purchase. Maruti has grouped up with 8 other finance companies to form a consortium. The eight other companies are Citicorp Maruti, Maruti Countrywide, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Kotak Mahindra, Sundaram Finance, Bank of Punjab and IndusInd Bank Ltd. (previously-Ashok Leyland Finance).32 Maruti Insurance: The major concern of car owners is the insurance. Maruti has gathered all car insurance needs under one roof. Maruti has grouped up with National Insurance Company, Bajaj Allianz, New India Assurance and Royal Sundaram to make this service available for its customers. From finding out the most suitable car insurance policy and assisting in claiming insurance hassle-free its the complete responsibility of the dealer. Maruti Insurance makes its service easily available for customers at any Maruti dealer workshop in India to have their cars repaired and processing of insurance claims.33 True Value Initiative to capture used car market: Marutis another important development is its entry into the market of used cars in 2001, allowing customers to exchange their old car with the new one by bringing their vehicle to Maruti True Value outlets and paying the difference with loyal discounts. This helps in building satisfaction and retaining the customers. With Maruti True Value, it filled this gap in making customer trust in Indian used car market. In this highly unorganized and deceptive market where biggest concern in making a car sale is trust, Maruti could achieve this based upon its strength in Indian market. Maruti has developed a system where dealers pick up used cars, improve the condition, issue a new warranty and sell them again. Dealers make all investments for True Value. Maruti has established 172 showrooms across the nation building up a strong network. The used car market is 2-3 times as large as new car market in developed markets having a huge potential i n India.34 N2N: Maintenance of car consumes loads of time, especially if you own a group of automobiles. N2N Fleet Management Solutions by Maruti for companies takes the responsibility of A-Z automobile problems. Services comprise complete solutions across life of the vehicle like Leasing, Maintenance, Convenience services and Remarketing.35 Maruti Driving School (MDS): Maruti has started this in order to achieve the market where there is suppression in buying cars due to lack in car driving skills. This strategy brings such customer to the showroom and potentially learns car driving.36 Importance of Vehicle Maintenance Service Market. In the old days, the companys operations could be boiled down to a simple three-box flowchart. Components came from the vendors to the factory where they were assembled and then sent out to the dealers. In this scheme, you know where the companys revenues come from. The new scheme is more complicated. It revolves around the total lifetime value of a car. Work on this began in 1999, when a MUL team, wondering about new revenue streams, traveled across the world. Says R.S. Kalsi, general manager (new business), MUL: While car companies were moving from products to services, trying to capture more of the total lifetime value of a car, MUL was just making and selling cars. If a buyer spends Rs 100 on a car during its entire life, one-third of that is spent on its purchase. Another third went into fuel. And the final third went into maintenance. Earlier, Maruti was getting only the first one-third of the overall stream.37 As the Indian market matured, customers began to change cars faster. Says Kalsi: So the question was, if a car is going to see three users in, say, a life span of 10 years, So Maruti has changed gears to take a big share of this final one-third spent on maintenance. Maintenance market has a huge market potential. Even after having fifty lakh vehicles on road Maruti is only catering to approximately 20000 vehicles through its service stations every day.38 For this they are conducting free service workshops to encourage consumers to come to their service stations. Maruti has increased its authorized service stations to 1567 across 1036 cities. Every regional office is having a separate services and maintenance department which look after the growth of this revenue stream. 39 Conclusion Marutis vision statement is, its goals consist of continue leadership in the Indian automobile industry, enlarging the shareholders, establish customer pleasure. Maruti has highest level of customer satisfaction consistence for six years according to the J.D. Power Asia Pacific 2005 India Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) study. They gave importance for the customers and started many projects for better service. Maruti was ranked top in Indian sales satisfaction study. Maruti Suzuki has a sales network of 307 state-of -the-art showrooms across 189 cities, with a workforce of over 6000 trained sales personnel to guide MUL customers in finding the right car. Maruti Suzuki scored the highest across all 7 parameters: least problems experienced with vehicle serviced, highest service quality, best in-service experience, best service delivery, best service advisor experience, most user-friendly service and best service initiation experience. 92% of Maruti Suzuki owners feel that work gets done right the first time during service. The J.D. Power CSI study 2004 also reveals that 97% of Maruti Suzuki owners would probably recommend the same make of vehicle, while 90% owners would probably repurchase the same make of vehicle. At Maruti Suzuki, customers will find all car related needs met under one roof. Whether it is easy finance, insurance, fleet management services, exchange- Maruti Suzuki is set to provide a single-window solution for all car related needs. The acquisition cost is unfortunately not the only cost customers face when buying a car. Although a car may be affordable to buy, it may not necessarily be affordable to maintain, as some of its regularly used spare parts may be priced quite steeply. Not so in the case of a Maruti Suzuki. It is in the economy segment that the affordability of spares is most competitive, and it is here where Maruti Suzuki shines. The highest satisfaction ratings with regard to cost of ownership among all models are all Maruti Suzuki vehicles: Zen, Wagon R, Esteem, Maruti 800, Alto and Omni. It has introduced the superior 16 * 4 Hypertech engines across the entire Maruti Suzuki range. This new technology harnesses the power of a brainy 16-bit computer to a fuel-efficient 4-valve engine to create optimum engine delivery. This means every Maruti Suzuki owner gets the ideal combination of power and performance from his car. Maruti was also involved in various businesses like manufacturing, sales and purchasing of motor vehicles and parts of automobiles. Other activities of Maruti were facilitation of pre-owned car sales, fleet management and car financing. They have seven subsidiary companies in India are Insurance Business Agency Ltd, Maruti Insurance Distribution Services Ltd, Maruti Insurance agency Solution Ltd, Maruti Insurance Agency Network Ltd, Maruti Insurance Agency services Ltd, Maruti Insurance Agency Logistics Ltd. They also went into other joint venture agreement with Futaba Industrial Co Ltd and formed FMI Automotive Compoments Ltd for manufacturing Exhaust System Components. Marutis profit increase to 98% rise in its economic second quarter net profits and they are planning to invest $32.3 million. Maruti Suzuki has created history in automobile industry through going keen on production record in 13 months. It is top number of car manufacturer in Asia, outside Japan and Korea having manufactured about 5 million vehicles by may 2005. It also should a remark as most booming automobile company as joint venture and they keep on making profits since inception till 2000-01. They are trying to modernize its factory to produce cars faster. As

Censorship :: essays research papers

Censorship and the Internet Biram Mboob London School of Economics B.mboob@lse.ac.uk "Inevitably, being an uncontrolled system, means that the Internet will be subjected to subversive applications of some unscrupulous users." (Kershaw) The concept of the Internet was created in answer to a strategic problem faced by the United States government during the Cold war era. A nuclear attack would easily disrupt a traditional computer network and hence make communication impossible. The solution was found in a new type of network. A network where all nodes would be equal in status, that is to say each could send and receive messages. The resulting projects were the first steps towards the birth of the Internet, as we know it. Today, the Internet consists of several parts, which include the World Wide Web, FTP, IRC, News groups, Gopher, WAIS, Archie, and Email. The Internet is continuing to grow at a rate of 40% a year, with roughly 20 million users to date. Over the past few yea rs, the issue of Internet censorship has been subject to an unprecedented amount of controversy. Both sides of the debate present very strong arguments about why the Internet should or should not be censored. The point most often brought forward by advocates of Internet censorship is that â€Å"inappropriate† material can all too easily land in the hands of children via this powerful new medium. â€Å"Inappropriate† mostly describes the sexually explicit and racist material that is easily found on the Internet. The debate that currently rages however centres mainly on pornographic material. The essay is divided into three content-based sections. The first section examines the data that is available about pornography on the Internet. Conclusions on significance of the data are offered. Section two examines the legal issues and difficulties surrounding the idea of censorship. The final section discusses alternative ways of protecting children from pornography and offers a final conclusion on the attributes of the problem and the suggestion of a solution. Censorship of Internet is a big issue and not much of it can be covered in an essay at this level. The essay deliberately focuses only on pornography. While many aspects had to be left out and others discussed minimally, the result of this essay remains a brief synopsis of relevant issues and conclusions on these issues. Section 1 In early 1995, a research team at the Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania released one of the most revealing studies into online pornography.

The Nearly Fatal Snow Caving Trip Essay -- Reflection Memoir Essays

The Nearly Fatal Snow Caving Trip Sharp pains shooting through muscles, trying to avoid sleep, hypothermia set in on an Antarctic ice crevasse researcher. I had the opportunity to go snow caving with my brother, Josh. I was confident in my winter backcountry skills and anticipated a memorable trip. I did not know what I was getting into. Growing colder day-by-day, winter became more dominant. Deep snow made travel difficult. To navigate through this terrain, I would have to wear special equipment. There are a few ways to travel over snow: snowmobiles, cross-country skis, and snowshoes. The uneven terrain and fresh powder called for snowshoes. Along with shoes, winter camping requires many other types of gear. To cope with the cold, I had to pack bulky warm clothing, and sleeping gear. The Campin' Gaz lantern and stove, both blue and oddly shaped, were necessary for a cold night without a fire. Large, stiff, blue tarps were needed to repel the wet snow while heavy, green foldable shovels comprised the majority of the weight in my pack. The down filled, sleeping bag received much of the attention of my pack's available space. A Kelty 5400 cubic inch Red Cloud swelled with these items, impatient to be worn. With our gear ready, we boarded our transportation, a brown, earth-colored Subaru wagon, was the car of choice. The packs filled the little space of the hatchback. Through the neighboring towns, we made our way to the top of the mesa. After we reached our chosen parking area, we stepped out of the brown machine quickly realizing that we needed to put the rest of our clothes on. After only a moment to acclimate, we prepared our gear. Hurling Kelty over my back, I balanced to put on my orange, plastic, snowshoes. Al... ... to be inside this precarious place, I was careful with every movement. As we both lay in our bags, the cave's darkness soon soothed our eyes and sleep came to our tired bodies. Striking camp early in the morning we traversed over the white, moon lit landscape. We arrived at the car for a late lunch, which ended our camping trip. Thanks to my knowledge of winter backcountry, and my brother, I made it back alive. Now I realize more possibilities and consequences before I am doing dangerous things. Even with all the knowledge and experience, nature can still prevail. Luckily, this was not the case this time. I am extremely thankful for my brother, and he is thankful to still have a brother. I am continually learning new knowledge and skills and am still humbled by this experience. I hoped that this would be a memorable trip, but it turned out to be life changing.

Mortuary And Anatomical Pathology Health And Social Care Essay

The Mortuary and Anatomic Pathology unit signifiers portion of the Pathology Department. It is linked to the Mater Dei Hospital complex via an belowground service corridor through which organic structures will be transported in a more dignified mode. It is besides situated in an stray portion of the Mater Dei composite in order to let for a more dignified readying of our beloved departed in the quieter portion of the Hospital. The mortuary offers assorted other services which include: Receiving organic structures from the Hospital and other establishments and beginnings such as the community. Fixing organic structures for their funeral rites. In the morgue, besides there being a room for readying of organic structures of people who believed in the Roman Catholic religion, there is besides a room saved for readying of organic structures for people who believed in other faiths and have different spiritual rites with respect to readying of the dead The mortuary offers an necropsy service for the assorted Hospitals that require a station mortem scrutiny. The morgue at Mater Dei is besides equipped to provide for forensic station mortem surveies. In order to supply these services, the mortuary contains many installations and machines. These installations and machines include a cold storage, organic structure electric refrigerators, a station mortem country and a research lab, an embalming room and a organic structure readying room. Sing suites are besides present to enable relations and friends to pay their last respects to the departed in a more private ambiance. There is besides a Mortuary Chapel where relations and friends can happen clip for minutes of silence and contemplation and take part in the concluding supplications recited merely before the organic structure is transferred to an expecting hearse for its last ocean trip to the graveyard.Duties of the Scientist at the MortuaryThe chief responsibilities of the scientist at the mortuary and anatomic pathology unit are the disposal and direction of assets and processs available at the morgue. These responsibilities include: Administration: This function incorporates the logistical and scientific facets relevant to a modern Mortuary and Anatomic pathology unit. This function besides includes rendering a service to clients so it is imperative that good client service is offered. All release signifiers, decease certifications, general mortuary signifiers and client information has to be documented and filed decently by the administrative staff. Post mortem scrutinies, which can be ordered either by the Consultant within the province Hospitals in what is known as a infirmary station mortem or by the Magistrate on responsibility if the individual died under leery fortunes. In this instance a forensic station mortem is used. The necropsy is besides indispensable in finding the cause of decease of investigated persons. Histology. The samples obtained from the organic structure during the necropsy must be subjected to histopathological probe. The samples obtained from the organic structure during the necropsy receive the same intervention as those obtained from a life patient in an operating theater. Other processs such as Health and safety, procurance of specimens, concatenation of detention, certification and many more processs.The Relevance of a Post Mortem Examination.A station mortem scrutiny is a careful scrutiny of the bygone person. It can offer valuable hints as to how the individual died every bit good as information sing the unwellness and its effects on the organic structure. It may besides give a more precise indicant with respect to how the single died. Sometimes, even the best and most elaborate station mortem scrutinies may non bring out the cause of decease and may besides go forth certain inquiries unreciprocated. These probes are normally carried out by a diagnostician. A diagnostician is a individual who specialises in the research lab survey of disease and of morbid tissue. The diagnostician is assisted by a scientist with specialist preparation in this peculiar field. Post mortems are carried out in particular installations located in the Hospital Mortuary. Post mortem scrutinies are a benefit to the medical profession as they provide information sing wellness and unwellness that would non be discovered anyplace else. These scrutinies paved the manner for both anatomical finds and new information sing unwellnesss. Post mortem scrutinies help place the cause of decease of an person, confirm the nature of the unwellness and besides the extent of the disease and are capable of placing other undiagnosed conditions. Another usage of station mortem scrutinies is to measure the effects of interventions and drugs and aid place complications or side effects. A station mortem is a valuable tool for loved 1s as it helps them understand why the person died. Families can on occasion inquire inquiries that can merely be answered by information acquired from a station mortem. Some of the information obtained from a station mortem scrutiny can profit future kids in the household and patients who suffer from similar unwellnesss. ( Post mortem scrutiny a a‚ ¬ † information for relations, 2007 ) .Stairss Taken to Maintain Health and Safety Standards in the MortuaryThe Mortuary presents a figure of wellness and safety hazards for forces. These hazards include both wellness related, accidents due to working conditions and hazards specific to working with human remains. These remains are a serious biohazard and are host to assorted pathogens and risky residues such as bacteriums, infective spores, infective soft tissue and residues of military and industrial chemicals. These pathogens can be transmitted either by manus to talk contact, contact with mucous secretion membranes, or via the air in the necropsy room or organic structure fluids such as blood. Extra hazards to transmittal of pathogens include the handling of heavy organic structures and utilizing insanitary and insecure equipment. The Mortuary in the Mater Dei Hospital is split into two chief countries, a clean country and a soiled country. These countries are separated by a transitional zone. The soiled countries include organic structure shops at a temperature of 4AA °C. It has easy to clean, non-porous surfaces and a system of containment for any organic structure fluids. On the other manus, the clean country consists of the screening suites, the chapel, offices and response countries. It besides has proper ambient clime controls to take smells and bluess and is chiefly where clean equipment is stored. Bodies, equipment and people working in these separate countries must ne'er come into contact with one another whilst working. Besides, a organic structure should ne'er travel into the dry country before it has been decently cleaned and any soft tissue found is removed. Once the soft tissue is removed it is placed in a deep-freeze. The remainder of the human remains are so stored in a separate freeze countr y. It is indispensable that all employees working at the Mater Dei Hospital mortuary wear personal protective equipment ( PPE ) , which is designed to assist protect the scientist from serious wellness and safety dangers. This equipment is found in the clean transitional country located in forepart of the necropsy room, to enable scientists to alter into their safety equipment before come ining. PPE worn by a scientist in the autopsy room of the mortuary include: Overalls/scrubs ( washable or disposable ) . It is imperative that this peculiar equipment be worn every twenty-four hours to protect the tegument from any dust and organic structure fluid which may do infection. Latex/nitrile baseball mitts. Nitrile baseball mitts are used by scientists who are allergic to latex and must be worn when managing organic structures or organic structure fluids. Double gloving is the process Facemask. It is normally found as a vizor. This is worn when cleaning organic structures, vesture and artifacts and has to be on a regular basis cleaned by the scientist utilizing it. It prevents infection by protecting the face from splash dorsum of organic structure fluids. Safety goggles/glasses. These are worn to forestall any dust from coming into contact with the oculus, which could take to a potentially serious hurt and perchance infection. Mortuary shoes/wellington boots. These are non-slip boots similar to those used in surgeries. They are rainproof and prevent entry of fluids. Aprons. All surgical equipment used must be sanitised and autoclaved decently after every usage and has to be stored in a safe and unafraid closet when it is non being utilized. The most unsafe tool, the necropsy saw, can merely be used by experient forces. Handss and open tegument must be washed after the necropsy to take any dust or organic structure fluids of the dead person as these may do infections. It is besides of import non to touch au naturel tegument while have oning baseball mitts. The scientist working in the necropsy room must non touch his or her eyes, oral cavity or olfactory organ to forestall spread of any blood borne infections. Beyond the altering country there is besides a shower which scientists can utilize after managing organic structure samples. The necropsy and dissection tabular arraies are made up of chromium steel steel and are connected to a supply of low force per unit area H2O. This H2O is treated with Cl to take any infective agents and is so discharged into the normal sewerage system. A High Energy Particulate Air ( HEPA ) filter can besides be found in the necropsy room to pin down any viruses or airborne bacteriums from go outing the installations and go arounding into the outside air. It is indispensable that outside vesture non be worn in the morgue. Extra PPE should be worn in specific countries such as the biohazard room for excess protection and when samples are being taken for deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) analysis. Finally, the morgue is cleaned exhaustively and disinfected every dark. Working in the mortuary poses a serious wellness hazard to scientists. Some of these possible hazards include working in excessively hot or excessively cold conditions, bacterial related illness, organic structure fluid or tissue related illness, raising hurts and emphasis related illness. That is why it is ensured that inoculations for certain diseases such as lockjaw, Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B, Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Diphtheria and Rabies be accounted for in every scientist working in the necropsy room. It is indispensable that every new employee undergoes a wellness and safety briefing and that hazard appraisals be carried out every clip a new organic structure arrives. The mortuary staff must be briefed on the new hazards found. A first assistance kit has to be present along with person who knows how to give first assistance. Anyone come ining the morgue has to follow general wellness and safety patterns. Fragmentary bone may be crisp and organic structures can be heavy, hence the staff must undergo manual managing preparation.

Diversity in Early Childhood Programs Essay

This essay is going to look at the various ways in which you can identify and promote learning opportunities for children of all ages. It will describe how the early education frameworks assist in supporting the learning of early year’s children. This essay will also explain how to plan activities in order to meet all the children’s needs. Finally it will describe how to monitor and assess the children’s learning through a variety of assessment techniques. Within early learning provisions it is important for them to support the children’s learning by following the guidelines set out for them by the early education framework in this country. There are two parts to the curriculum framework in England; Early Years Foundation Stages (EYFS) and the National Curriculum. The EYFS sets the statutory standards that all early years providers must meet. This includes all maintained schools, non-maintained schools, independent schools and all providers on the Early Ye ars Register. (EarlyYears) The EYFS is set out for the age group three to five and it aims are to provide consistency between early years settings, through the use of shared resources and information thus promoting the same key concepts, skills and knowledge. The EYFS also aims to provide settings with a secure foundation which will allow all the children to progress through school. Moreover the EYFS hopes to provide partnerships between different practitioners and parents or carers. They also hope to promote equality of opportunity for all children through the EYFS. The national curriculum contains the programmes of study and attainment targets for all subjects, at all key stages, except key stage 4. ‘The national curriculum provides pupils with an introduction to the essential knowledge that they need to be educated citizens.’ ‘The national curriculum is just one element in the education of every child†¦ The national curriculum provides an outline of core knowledge around which teachers can develop exciting and stimulating lessons to promote the development of pupils’ knowledge, understanding and skills as part of the wider school curriculum.’ (Curriculum) The national curriculum is set out for chil dren aged five and over, it leads all the way through until the age of sixteen. It is a set curriculum which ensures that standards are consistent and maintained across the country, the National Curriculum should be implemented in all schools  after children have reached their fifth birthday. Learning aims and objectives are put in place to ensure that activities planned meet the required needs in the chosen area of development. An aim is what you intend to introduce to the children, it should set the scene and limit the activity to a certain type of activity although it does still need to be flexible enough to incorporate change of direction if necessary. The objective is shows how this is going to be achieved. The objective should break the activity down into smaller units so it is measureable. For example by the end of the day the children will be able to understand that heat causes ice to melt. An example of this was during placement at 5-8 age group I completed my observations, my aim was to promote their fine motor development and objectives were to observe during structured play. Early years settings also provide learning opportunities for their children by using an integrated approach. This approach provides the children with a greater learning experience. ‘The adult should integrate their planning into a theme. The lesson or session can be mapped and planned around the theme along with the curriculum. For example if the theme is transport then the children can count the wheels on different vehicles in maths, read a story about transport in literacy and in art the children can draw different vehicles.’ (IntegratedApproach) Within the school I’m on placement on at the minute, 5-8, we have a house and homes theme, we have incorporated this into most of the activities and currently they are designing, writing about and constructing the houses. When on my previous placement with 0-3 years they had a Christmas theme whereby their activities were designed around this. They produced Christmas cards, completed displays, sung songs about Christmas and read books all based on this theme. At my placement working with 0-3 they had a theme for one week on growing, the children that were able to have to draw pictures of themselve s, they also had to bring pictures in from home of when they were little or of them over a period of time so we could look at how they’d grown. When designing and teaching these activities it is important for the teachers to take into account inclusion. There must not be any barriers stopping any child from learning, it is essential to remove these so all children can take part; this does not just include special needs or specific needs children but everyone. Activities may need to be adapted or differentiated in order for all the children to  take part. Moreover it is essential for the school to promote an anti-discriminative practice, this is a fundamental part of early years care and education and it must be taken seriously. Discrimination comes from many sources and not everyone will know what they are saying, this is why it is vital to tackle any remarks or actions immediately, in a sensitive manner, so everyone knows how important this issue is. At my placement which is age range 5-8 there are children with speech difficulties, the teachers must ensure that they treat all the children as individuals and treat them fairly. They always include them in class discussions and give them the chance to answer just as like any other children. In my experience of working with 0-3 they ensure anti-discriminatory practise is maintained by providing ramps for push chairs and they also welcomed children from different cultures. Within an early years setting it is important to plan effectively so all areas of learning are covered and a wide range of activities are presented. Planning can be long, medium or short term and it will need to consider the curriculum as well as the individual needs of the children. The length of long term planning varies from setting to setting, most settings will see a long term plan as anything over six weeks, commonly in schools long term plans are for a whole academic year. Long term plans tend to include ‘an outline of how the curriculum is to be delivered, a consideration of the themes that are used over the period.’ CCLD Long term plans mean that you plan activities and observations in advance, you follow the curriculum when planning these and you have to be able to change and adapt your activities to suit different situations. The length of a medium term plan or curriculum plan depends mainly up on the length of the long term plan. In the majority of schools the medium term plan shows coverage for a half term. The main features of a medium term plan include details of the types of activities of which are to offer, how the activities link to the EYFS or NC and the order the activities will be carried out. Medium term plans will include learning outcomes and will include themes and topics. Short term plans show what is to happen each week or session; these plans may be referred to as ‘session planners’ or ‘weekly planners’. This sort of plan includes details such as staffing and resources, it also shows the order the activities will be carried out. Moreover it will display details of how activities will be adapted to provide opportunities for particular children. It will also set out the learning outcomes and show which activities will be assessed. Finally the short term plan will demonstrate how the adult can support specific children through the activities and outside of these. At my placement 5-8 they have a whole week of working with money and understanding the different denominations; at the end of the week the children have the golden box whereby the children who received the most gems for their work through-out the week are rewarded with prizes. Early years settings must cater for all children and their individual needs. When planning activities for young children it is important to take into account their specific needs. All activities must accommodate children at whatever level or with whatever need they have. It is important for the teacher to differentiate activities in order for all the children to take part. Within my placement 5-8 my teacher ensures there are different sized pencils out on the tables for all the children to use, she also makes sure there are right and left handed scissors out on the tables for those children who need them. In my experience working with 3-5 I have also had to cater for a child who could not use sugar paper therefore whenever we were doing creative activities I had to make sure she was using normal writing paper or card. Whenever planning activities it is important to make all the children feel equal, a child with an individual need should not be left out or be made to stand out from the rest. When planning activities and classes it is also essential to take into account children with IEP’s (individual educational plan), this is so you know where they are at with their learning and you can help them to the full extent through-out activities. In addition it is important to take into account different ways of teaching, some children may find it easier to learn if they are hands on doing practical work whereas others may find it easier if they are writing all the information down, so ensure that you cater for all these children in your plans. In order for activities to be suitable for all children you will need  to differentiate them, make sure there’s levels within your activity. Within the classroom there should also be equipment for all children to use scissors which are left and righ t handed, paper which is suitable for all, big pencils and small ones. Changes should take place to make all the children feel ‘the same’ none of them should stand out for being different. Through-out early year’s settings observations must be used this is to ensure you find out what stage of development the children are at. Once you know and understand which level each child is at you can match your activities to their ability and organise the activities to meet their needs. Within my placement 5-8 my teacher plans activities to coordinate with her observations that she has made throughout the year. The activities are differentiated according to ability. For literacy the children had to match up homes of different animals to the animal that lives there, for the less abled children they had to cut out the pictures and stick them together for the more abled children they had to write the sentences out below the pictures. Once observations have been completed on the children the teacher can use her data to effectively plan her lessons to cover the curriculum and meet the children’s needs. Within early years settings it is important that children take part in a variety of play. As all types of play provide learning opportunities for children it is essential that the day is varied to incorporate as many play activities as possible. Children should take part in activities which promote all areas of development. Within my placement 3-5 we had a role play area whereby the children could use their minds to create imaginative play. The soft play castle also gave the children a chance to use their imagination and develop their own play ideas. The various play activities can be categorized as imaginative play; role play and home corners can come under this category. Art activities and DT activities can be categorized as creative play. Within my placement 5-8 we did mendi patterns outside in the playground using chalk, as well as this developing their creative play it also promoted their physical motor development. Physical activities such as PE and play time can promote their gross physical development. Walking through fields and exploring the various animals and plants that you can  find can develop physical motor skills as well as the children’s exploratory skills. In my experience 0-3 a child discovers and promotes their development through sensory play, when outside the children played with sand, water, foam and jelly. The children were sat playing in it with hard toys, they could discover how the different materials felt. It is important for children to also use ICT as this can support their learning. There are a wide variety of programmes that children can use to promote all areas of their learning. Within my placement we use a program which the children can control themselves, on this site there are activities for numeracy, literacy and art as well as most of the national curriculum. This site is accessible for key stage 1 and 2. Parent involvement tends to be encouraged within schools and early year’s settings as often parents and children can provide the skills and knowledge to introduce new ideas. For example a parent from another culture may be able to go in and show the children what their diet is like. Within my placement 5-8 a parent helper will come in every Tuesday afternoon to help with the activities that are on that day. The parent may help with reading and creative activities. There is also a parent who comes into placement and teaches athletics, she is a marathon runner herself so she often helps at sporting events and at athletics club. Within early years settings there are also occasions when professionals and agencies may get involved in providing learning opportunities for the children. Within my placement 5-8 a speech therapist will come in once a week to visit two children who have speech impairments, she will take them to one side for an hour to support them through their speech programme. Another professional who also comes into school is the sports teacher from the local leisure centre who teaches one PE lesson a week to each class. As part of the adult role within an early years setting you must ensure that all the correct resources are available for the children to use and that there are enough materials for any situation. The resources need to be sorted out in advance of an activity or situation either by the teacher or the school, depending on who provides them. The resources must be age appropriate, fit for purpose and all the children who are participating  should be able to learn from the experience. Early years settings also need to consider whether the use of ICT would assist with the children’s learning. Within my placement 3-5 the staff would organise their activities at least a week in advance and would pass on a list of anything they needed to the managers who would be able to buy the materials and resources. They could then discuss in advance how much of anything they needed and if for any reason something wasn’t available they had time to change their activity. It is important for the adults within the setting to monitor the children’s learning. During activities the children should be monitored to make sure they are learning from these experiences. If the activity has been planned with aims and objectives, you should be able to determine whether the outcomes have been met; this can be observed by discussion or observation. Participation levels should also be monitored to see how long children stay at the activities which have been set out and which ones are the most popular. Activities should grasp the children’s imagination and should stimulate their learning. The more captivating an activity is the longer a child will want to be at it. At all my placements over the three age ranges I have evaluated the activities that I have carried out. Within my evaluations I have written about how long the children stayed there and whether they enjoyed it, I can use the information I found here to plan my activities for the future. Formative assessments are ongoing assessments that monitor the children’s strengths and weaknesses. This information can then be used to form informal parts of activities. Assistance can be provided to give children the opportunity to gain confidence in developing new skills and plenty of opportunities are provided to enable the child to practise and master them. Summative assessments draw together all the information gathered about the children and it is often used to compile a written report. It is seen as a ‘summing up’ of a child’s progress to date. It is very difficult for practitioners to be completely objective when carrying out observations as they are used to working so close with the children; this known as observer  bias. The danger of observer bias is that the observer may bring in behaviours or skills of the child that confirm their current view. One way of determining that this does not happen is to set clear aims for observations. It is important for adults to try and incorporate observations on skills into planned play activities, many children will not ‘perform’ well if they know they are being watched. While at placement 5-7 the teacher will set out activities that enable her to observe the child carrying out the skills whilst in a ‘normal’ play environment. If she would like to see their social development she may set up games that requires teamwork, or if she feels some of the children need to work on their fine motor development she may set up an area which get the children to put pegs in boards or use scissors to cut out pictures. When observing babies and young children it is important to remember that there play and interests change within a few days. As they discover more things within their world they will move from one interest to another. Once a child has been observed or assessed this information can be used to inform the future planning of activities which will help promote development for the individual child. Planning will only be effective if the information that is gained from observation is used to structure activities, and fulfil the child’s developmental needs. For example if a child cannot use scissors do not provide them with an activity whereby they have to cut round a picture; this may lower their self-confidence and self-esteem. Most evaluation criteria’s involve checking whether children have reached the intended learning outcomes, however this can be difficult to measure unless an assessment takes place during or after the activity. A child may have appeared to understand something or enjoyed playing with materials but they may not have necessarily learnt anything new. By building in assessments to activities practitioners can see what the child has understood and learnt. It is important that assessments are not seen in any way as a test. Within my placement 3-5 a member of staff would often be in charge of observing activities and evaluating what they believe the children have gained from it. The staff member would also be able to ask questions and work alongside the children at the activity to see how much they have  learnt and understood. Reference Snaith, M. , Tassoni, P. , Squire, G. , (2007). , Children’s Care Learning and Development. , 2nd Ed. , Oxford. , Heinemann. IntegratedApproach. , Available at www.sagepub.com/upm-data/9679_010979.pdf. , Accessed on 29/04/14 Curriculum. , Available at http://www.schoolzone.co.uk/schools/NCres/docs/MASTER_final_national_curriculum_11_9_13_2.pdf . , Accessed on 29/04/14 EarlyYears. , Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/improving-the-quality-and-range-of-education-and-childcare-from-birth-to-5-years/supporting-pages/early-years-foundation-stage. , Accessed on 29/04/14